Abstract

Referenda do not automatically represent the most effective achievement of democracy. In a republican perspectice, direct democracy can only be successful if it is accompanied by extensive information of the citizens and by an intense public debate. A referendum on the European Constitution that only permits a “yes” or “no” will not be sufficient. It should stand at the end of a public controversy that deals with the process of constitution making and with alternatives on single issues. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the debate on a EU referendum is occupied by general historical reservations against direct democracy. The political inclusion of the German citizens into European constitution making could only consist of an informal public consultation that precedes any formalized referendum. This, however, is overdue and stands in clear contrast to the hectic march of ratification that is forced by the European governments.